Charles morrill



(No Model.) G- MORRILL.

DRILL 0511011..

No. 274,135. Patented Mar. 26,1883.

W ig! WlTNE5E1E5= INVENTUH:

. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES MORRILL, OF NEW YORK, n. Y.

DRILL-CHUCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters ZPatent No. 274,135, dated March20, 1883.

Application filed July 6, 1880. Renewed August 25, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern I Be it known that I, CHARLES MORRILL, of NewYork city, inthe State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Drill-Chucks, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of drillchucks in which a conicalsleeve or case screws upon a slotted can iiighead carrying the gripping-jaws in the slots thereof, which jaws'have a wedging-face on theirexterior'to match with the cone of the sleeve, by which they are forcedinward with a wedging action to grip the drill, or are allowed to expandto release the drill when the sleeve is unscrewed; In most chucks ofthis kind heretofore the jaws have more or less of a pivotal orjointedconnection at their, base with springsor other pivotal or guiding parts.Now, my invention aims to dispense with such parts, to render theconstruction simple and the movement of the jaws more direct, and toinsure a more extended, evenlydisposed, and powerful grip of thejaws onthe drill, and also to effect the expansion of the 25 jaws in a simplerand more efficient manner.

In my invention, therefore, the jaws slide at their bases directly uponthe bases of the slots in the carrying-head, with a simple sliding wedgemovement radially in or out, the bases of the jaws and theconnecting-bases of the slots, being rounded or semicircular, instead offlat, as heretofore, whereby the construction of the slot is notonly-rendered cheaper, but amore extended bearing between the base ofthe jaw and the base of the slot is obtained, so as to reduce wear andrender the movement of the jaws more smooth, which forms one feature ofmy invention; and another feature of myinvention consistsin aspring-impelled plug -or sleevecentrally arranged and pressing uponthejaws at their convergence with a wedging action to expand the same inasimple and efficient manner. My invention also embodies minor features,as hereinafter fully set forth.

Figure 1 of the annexed drawings gives a side elevation of my improveddrill-chuck, and Fig. 2a longitudinal section thereof. Fig. 3 is a planview of the slotted carrying-head, and Fig. 4 a side elevation thereof;Fig.5, a side View of one of the gripping-jaws removed.

In the drawings, (1 indicates the carryinghead, which is cylindrical atits base end andthreaded with a screw-thread of suitable pitch,

while its outer extremity is also cylindrical for a short length, but ofreduced diameter, and its middle portion is tapered or conical. Theouter portion of the head is slit with preferably three radial slots,which extend from the cylinouter inclined face to match with the conicalpart of the sleeve, by which they are forced inward by a \vedging actionto grip the drill when the sleeveis screwed backward, and are allowed toexpand to release the drill when the sleeve is screwed forward, 'asusual in chucks of this kind. The gripping-ellges of the jaws are of theusual \I or angular shape to better seize the drill, and to meet closelytogether when forced to their full extent inward.. It

may now be observed that the base of each gripping-jaw lies at rightangles to its gripping-edge, and that these bases rest directly upon thebases of the slots in the carryinghead. The gripping-jaws hence act assimple wedges bearing upon the base of the guidingslots and slidingthereon, according as the sleeve is screwed back or forth, with a directradial in or out motion. This construction, although not peculiar to myinvention, has the advantage of simplicity and efiiciency, as the partsare reduced to the fewest number possible, and the motion of the jaws isrendered more accurate and easy, owing to their directness of action,and that wear and friction come 'in two parts or surfaces'only--v iz.,the inclines therewith, as seen best in Fig. 4. This .con-

struction'h as the advantage that the slots may be formed in thecarrying-head by simply drilling a hole at the base end and milling outthe slot from the tip end toward the said hole,

thus forming the slot perfectly and cheaply.

Furthermore, the rounded coinciding base of slot and jaw providesa moreextended bearing between them, which insures a smoother motion of thejaw and reduces wear. To prevent thejaws being displaced lengthwise fromthe slots, grooves e e are formed in the side walls of the slots, andthe jaws are provided with projecting pinsff, which engage therewith,and, being free to travel therein, prevent anylengthwisedisplacementofthe jaws, while offering no resistance to their radial motions. Thesegrooves e a, as may be observedfrom the drawings, are semicircular, andare also formed by drill-holes at the margin-line of the slot before theslot is milled out, which, with the simple pin driven into the jaw toengage therewith, conduces to economy ofconstruction,whilebeingquiteeftieientinaction. Now, the central bore ofthe carrying-head. at its outer end, is ofa size to freelyadmitthelargestsized drill for which the chuck is adapted; but this boreterminates near the bases of the slidingjaws, from which point the boreis slightly enlarged-say about a sixteenth-so as to form I a slightshoulder, y, where the two bores meet.

At the back end of the head the bore is still further enlarged, forminga wide shoulder, h, and a large and slightly-tapering socket, t, inwhich the shank of the tapering spindle k is tightly fitted, while thelong tapering part of the spindle is driven into the socket in thespindle of the lathe by which the chuck is rotated, as will be readilyunderstood by those familiar with these tools. The back end of thecarrying-head containing the socket t is contracted into a hexagonalneck, 1, to better enable the chuck to be attached or removed. to orfrom the spindle or to or from the lathe. Now, a'fixed pin, m, isarranged midwise in the bore of the carrying-head, and terminates at ornear the base of the grippingjaws, so as to support the end of the drilland limit the depth of its insertion in the chuck, as well as to resistthe pressure of boring. The tip of this pin is preferably countersunk,so as to better receive the end of the drill, which is usually slightlyconical, while the opposite or back end of the pin is formed with anenlarged fiat head,which is socketed in the forward end of the socket iand rests tightly against the shoulder h, while the shank of the spindle7c abuts closely against the same, thus rigidly holding the pin inposition. A movable plug or sleeve, a, guided in the bore of thecarrying-head, or on the pin m, is constantly pressed forward by aspring, 0, against inclinesp p on the inner edge of the gripping-jaws,near the base thereof, and thus by a wedging action serves to diverge orexpand the several jaws when the sleeve is unscrewed, and it will beobserved that the outward travel of the sleeve the conical sleeve; thatthe gripping edge of each jaw is 'at' right angles to its base, and thateach has one inclinedface on the inner edge, near the base, to contactwith the expanding-plug n, and one inclined face on the outer side tomatch with the cone of the sleeve.

It may also be seenthat as the supportingpiu m is held in position inthe bore of the chuck by being a tight-driven fit therein, and also bythe abutment of the shank of the spindle against the head of the pin,hence when thespindle leis removed the pin may be forced out, thusleaving the bore of the carryinghead open, so that it a hollow spindleis now inserted in the socket t' of the head the chuck will thus beconverted into a hollow chuck to admit continuous lengths of wire orsimilar material, thus constituting an important advantage of thisfeature of my device; and it may be seen that when thus changed into ahollow chuck the function of the spring 0 will not be affected, as itsback end will abut-against the inserted shank of the hollow spindle, and

' hence perform its usual action, notwithstanding the removal of thepin.

By the described construction of my improved chuck, in addition to theadvantages before referred to, the expanding and contracting movementsof the jaws are produced in a very accurate and easy manner, and thegrip of the jaws on the drill is found to be very evenly disposed,extended, and powerful, so much so that by simply grasping the milledpart of the sleeve (see' Fig. 1) and turning it by the easy action ofthe hand a sufficient grip is obtained upon a three-eighths drill tocause it to penetrate to its fulldepth into tough steel without anyindication of slippage.

I am aware that drill-chuck jaws have been slotted and secured in placeby pins fixed in the chuck; and I am also aware thatjaws have beenprovided with recesses or grooves to slide on projecting ribs of thechuck, and therefore I do not claim either of these constructions. Inthe first form mentioned the slot in thejaw weakens it and necessitatesplacing a pin in the chuck, which has to be cut away at intervals forthat purpose, and in the second form the recesses or grooves cut in bothsides of the jaw weaken it and necessitate forming ribs on the chuck.Both of these forms are comparatively costly to fit, and also have weakpoints when finished. In my device I merely drill a small hole in thejaw and drive into and partly through said hole a pin whose ends fit andslide in grooves cut in the sides of the radial slotiu the chuck. Bythis construction the jaw is not materially weakened, and the sidegrooves can be out in the radial slot with very little labor after thelatter has been finished.

What I claim as my invention is- 1. In combination with the head a,having radial slots and radial grooves in the sides thereof, theslidingjaws 0, provided with cross pins whose projecting ends slideinthe radial IIO pose specified.

2. In a drill-chuck of substantially the described kind, aspring-impelled sleeve or plug centrally arranged in the carrying-headand pressing upon and between the jaws thereof at their points ofconvergence, the meeting edges of the said plug or jaws, or'both, beinginclined,

whereby the plug acts as a central expandingwedge to diverge or expandthe several jaws simultaneously, substantially as herein set to forth.

,3. In a drill-chuck of substantially the described kind, a fixed pincentrally arranged in the carrying-head and terminating at or near thebases of the gripping-jaws to support the end of the drill, incombination with a springimpelled sleeve or plug moving on or about thesame toexpand the said jaws. substantially as herein shown anddescribed. 7

4. In combination with the head on, having radial slots with rounded orsemicircular bottoms and radial grooves in the sides thereof, thesliding jaws 0, having their bases rounded to fit the bottoms of theradial slots, and provided with cross-pins for sliding in the radial 5grooves, both the bottoms of the radial slots and the radial groovesforming bearing-surfaces for the jaws and cross'pins, and said pins andgrooves also serving to prevent the outfall of the jaws, substantiallyas described.

5'. In a drill-chuck of substantially the described kind, a slottedcarrying-head provided with sliding wedge-jaws moving in said slot, andformed with a bore extending centrally through the said head, which boreis slightly enlarged backward from a point at or near the base of thejaws, in combination with a springimpelled wedging sleeveor plug movingin said enlarged bore and between the ends of the jaws to expand ordiverge the jaws by a radially spreading or wedging action, and limitedin its'outward or expanding movement by the shoulder formed where theenlarged bore meets the smaller bore, substantially as herein shown anddescribed.

6. In a chuck of substantially the described kind, the combination, withthe slotted chuckhead, formed with a central bore extending through thesame, of the removable central pin, m, terminating at or near the baseof the gripping-jaws to support the end of the drill, and formed with ahead at the opposite end to seat against a shoulder in the back end ofthe chuck-head, in combination with the removable spindle 7c, socketedin the end of the ch uckhead, against the head ofthe said pin, andserving to hold the same in fixed position therein, but allow itsremoval when required. substantially as herein shown and described.

I CHARLES MORE-ILL.

Witnesses:

OHAsM. HIGGINS, EDWARD H. WALES.

